This is an unedited version of my Sunday Times column for July 15, 2012.
This
week, the Central Statistics Office published long-awaited Quarterly National
Accounts for the first quarter 2012, showing that in January-March real Gross
Domestic Product fell 1.1 percent to the levels last seen around Q1 2005. Gross National product is down 1.3% and currently
running at the levels comparable with Q1 2003 once inflation is factored in.
Rampant outflow of multinational profits via tax arbitrage continues unabated,
as GDP now exceeds GNP by over 27 percent.
There is
really no consolation in the statistical fact that, as the National Accounts
suggest, we have narrowly escaped the fate of our worse-off euro area
counterparts, who posted three quarters of consecutive real GDP contraction
since July 2011. Our true economic activity, measured by GNP is now in decline
three quarters in a row in inflation-adjusted terms.
Our real
economy, beyond the volatile
quarter-on-quarter growth rates comparatives, hardly makes Ireland a poster child for recovery. Instead, it raises
some serious questions about current policies course.
Save
for Greece, five years into this crisis, we are still the second worst ranked euro
area economy when it comes to overall performance across some nineteen major
indicators for growth and sustainability.
Our GDP
and GNP have posted the deepest contraction of all euro area (EA17) states.
Assuming the relatively benign 2012 forecast by the IMF materialise. Q1 results
so far point to a much worse outcome than the IMF envisions. Total investment,
inclusive of the fabled FDI allegedly raining onto our battered economy, is
expected to fall over 62% on 2007 levels by the year end – also the worst performance
in the EA17. Despite our bravado about the booming exporting economy, our
average rate of growth in exports of goods and services since 2007 is only the
fifth highest in the common currency area.
Ireland’s
unemployment is up by a massive 220%, the fastest rate of increase in the euro
zone. Employment rate is down 20% - the sharpest contraction relative to all
peers. Other than Estonia, Ireland will end 2012 with the steepest increase in government
spending as a share of GDP – up 18% on 2007 levels. We have the second worst
average structural Government deficit for 2007-2012 excluding banks measures
and interest payments on our debt. By the end of 2012, our net Government debt
(accounting for liquid assets held by the state) will be up more than
eight-fold and our gross debt will rise 354%. In both of these metrics Ireland
is in a league of its own compared to all other member states of the common
currency area.
The
latest data National Accounts data confirms the above trends, while majority of
the leading economic indicators for Q2 2012 are also pointing to continued
stagnation in the economy through June.
Purchasing
Manager Indices (PMI) – the best leading indicator of economic activity we have
– are signalling virtually zero growth for the first half of 2012.
Manufacturing PMI has posted a robust rate of growth in June, but the six
months average remains anaemic at 50.7. The other side of the economy –
services – is under water with Q2 activity lagging the poor performance
achieved in the first quarter.
In
the rest of the private economy, things are getting worse, not better. Live
register was up, again, in June, with standardized unemployment now at 14.9%. Numbers
on long-term unemployment assistance up 6.8% year on year. Factoring in those
engaged in State-run training schemes, total number of claimants for unemployment
benefits is around 528,600, roughly two claimants to each five persons in full
employment. Construction sector, the only hope for many long-term unemployed, posted
another monthly contraction in June – marking the sharpest rate of decline
since September 2011. Retail sales, are running below 2005 levels every month
since January 2009 both in volume and value terms. Despite June monthly rise, consumer
confidence has been bouncing up and down along a flat trend since early 2010.
Meanwhile,
net voted government spending, excluding interest payments on Government debt
and banking sector measures, is up 1.9% year on year in the first half of 2012
against the targeted full year 3.3% decrease. Government investment net of
capital receipts is down 19.1%. This means that net voted current expenditure –
dominated by social welfare, and wages paid in the public sector – is up 3.3%
on same period 2011, against projected annual decrease of 2.2%. Although not
quite the emergency budget territory yet, the Exchequer performance is woeful.
And
the headwinds are rising when it comes to our external trade. By all leading
indicators, our largest external trading partners are either stagnant (the US),
shrinking (the Euro area and the UK) or rapidly reducing their imports from
Europe (the BRICs and other emerging economies).
The
question of whether Ireland can grow its economy out of the current crisis is
by now pretty much academic. Which means we need radical growth policy reforms.
Look
at the global trends. In every five-year period since 1990, euro zone average
annual real economic growth rates came in behind those of the advanced
economies. As a group, other advanced economies grew by some 15 percentage
points faster than the euro area during the pre-crisis decade. Both, before and
since the onset of the Great Recession, euro area has been a drag on growth for
more dynamic economies, not a generator of opportunities. Within the euro zone,
the healthiest economies during the current crisis – Germany, Finland and
Austria – have been more reliant on trade outside the euro area, than any other
EA17 state.
This
is not about to change in our favour. Data for China shows that the US now
outperforms EU as the supplier of Chinese imports. Europe’s trade with BRICs is
deteriorating. Combined, BRICs, Latin America and Africa account for less than
5% of our total exports. In the world where the largest growth regions – Asia
Pacific, Africa and Latin America are increasingly trading and carrying out
investment activities bypassing Europe, Ireland needs to wake up to the new
geographies of trade and investment.
Given
the severity of economic disruptions during the current crisis, Ireland
requires nominal rates of growth in excess of 6-7 percent per annum over the
long term. To deliver these, while staying within the euro currency will be a
tough but achievable task. This requires drastic increases in real competitiveness
(focusing on enhanced competition and new enterprise creation, not wages
deflation alone) in domestic markets, including the markets for some of our
public sector-supplied services, such as health, education, energy, transport,
and so on. We also need aggressive decoupling from the EU in policies on
taxation, immigration and regulation, including that in the internationally
traded financial services, aiming to stimulate internal and external investment
and entrepreneurship. We must review our social policies to incentivise human
capital and support families and children in education and other forms of
household investments.
Like
it or not, but the idea that we must harmonize with Brussels on every matter of
policy formation, is the exact opposite of what we should be pursuing. We
should play the strategy of our national advantage, not the strategy of a
collective demise.
Box-out:
Recent
decision by the Government to introduce a market value-based property tax
instead of the site value tax is an unfortunate loss of opportunity to
fundamentally reform the system of taxation in this country. A tax levied on
the property value located on a specific site effectively narrows the tax base
to exclude land owners and especially those who hold land for speculative
purposes in hope of property value appreciation lifting the values of their
sites. In addition, compared to the site value tax, a property levy discourages
investment in the most efficient use of land, and reduces returns to ordinary
households from property upgrades and retrofits. Perhaps the most ridiculous
assertions that emerged out of the Government consideration of the two tax measures
to favour the property levy is that a site value tax would be less ‘socially
fair’ and less transparent form of taxation compared to the property tax. By
excluding large landowners and speculative land banks owners, and under-taxing
properties set on larger sites, a property tax will be a de facto subsidy to
those who own land over those who own property in proximity to valuable public
amendments, such as schools, hospitals and transport links. By relating the
volume of tax levy to less apparent and more numerous characteristics of the
property rather than more evident and directly comparable values of the
adjoining land parcels, the property tax payable within any giving
neighbourhood will be far less transparent and more difficult and costly to the
state to enforce than a site value tax. In a research paper I compared all
measures for raising revenues for public infrastructure investments. The study
showed that a site value tax is an economically optimal relative to all other
tax measures, both from the points of capturing privately accruing benefits
from public investment and enforcement. This paper was presented on numerous
occasions to the Government officials and senior civil servants in charge of
the tax policy formation over the last three years.
