Saturday, July 18, 2009

Economics 18/07/2009: B-day present

My small Birthday Present to the followers of this blog: I have just published a new post on Public Sector Overpay and Knowledge Economy Wages on the Long Run Economics blog.

Friday, July 17, 2009

Economics 17/07/2009: Oh, the horror in our shops

Well, in the week when the infantile reports from the CB and Forfas have delivered no news (just a mash of poorly cooked up secondary factoids) and the press interpreted the ESRI's dithering as a sign of the bottoming out economy... CSO's data for retail sales told a much more honest story.

Yes, pigs do not fly, unless propelled into the skies by someone else's design. And neither do the theories that the Irish consumer has finally decided to become this Government policies cheerleader. Retail sales have no completely collapsed, going for the double dip move. Let's say thanks for the lack of consumer support (even at already abysmally dismal levels) to our Brian+Brian+Mary 'Economics on Drugs' team.

A few charts on the latest data... They are pretty much self explanatory.
Tell me if need reading glasses, but my usual 20:20 vision can't spot any green shoots... At best - a bounce at the bottom, going into another down spiral?
Yeah, about the only positive is that the monthly rate of collapse is slightly lower for value of sales... inflation cometh? Not quite. Not yet. But gas prices are biting... and a host of other state-led charges... and bars - oh yes, warm weather when even C&C should be able to make money (don't bet on it, for their problem is not the weather, but perennial stupor of the management team, or shall we make it 'pear-anneal'?).

Let me play a weather man for a sec...
Again, aside from bars (weather effect combined with desperation and late night Government meetings) and Electrical Goods (either ESB was doing some frequency manipulations to help economy or good weather got few builders out for nixers and small jobs, thus small appliances purchases went up) not much of a Green Valley out there.And, of course, the same is replayed in rates of growth... 11 categories show things getting worse and worse by the month in value terms, while 2 categories are showing an improvement - Motors and Bars... drinking and driving, anyone? Other 2 categories showing such a small improvement, that you might as well call in the crew that fixed the Hubble for super fine Green Weeds removal. Ditto on the side of volume.

May annual decline was 15.4% in volume terms an improvement in the average decline of 21% in the year to April. But this was driven by the slower rate of decline in motor sales – the sector that has been so thoroughly devastated in the past that continuous decline in it, even at a slower pace, still marks a deepening disaster: -40% down yoy in May. The figures mask a significant, and anticipated by this blog, deterioration in core retail sales (ex motors). In April, core sales rose 0.5% mom for the first time after a four months straight decline. At the time I remarked that this is a technical correction which will be followed by deeper falls. What I couldn’t have known at the time that the preliminary figure will be actually revised significantly down, so now we know that April marked an actual fall of 0.7% in core sales. This has now accelerated to -1.3% in May. Volume is now down 9.2% on annual basis – way down from the already historic 7.4% annual rate of decline clocked in Q1 2009. 3-mo MA also points to further declines ahead: in March, 3-mo MA stood at -7.4%, falling to -7.7% in April and to -8.4% in May.

Food sales – which should have been boosted by good weather, implying higher consumption of meats and other BBQ-items had another disastrous month falling 0.9% in May (mom) to -4.6% yoy. Ditto for clothing and footware – also items that should have been boosted by warmer weather. Instead of that ‘Special-K’ new red bikini, old T-shirts and shorts are out of the donations bins. So the category is down 5.2% in May mom. Pubs sales were up 1%, but this was not due to an improved weather, rather masking a slight statistical bounce on April’s horrific -5.2% fall mom (the category is now 11.4% below May 2008 levels).

This is a disaster unfolding in front of our eyes as the entire establishment – from Taoiseach to ESRI are blabbing about the ‘green shoots’. There is no sign of stabilization in the retail sector.

I like the frankness of the Ulster Bank note: “It is important to point out that we anticipated some weakness in retail sales in May, given that the tax hikes introduced in the April budget began to hit pay packets during this period. However, the May outcome was a bit weaker than we expected with downward revisions to the March and April data adding to the sense of a weak report.” Yes, let’s keep taxing the economy to avoid cutting public sector welfare, as Jack O’Connor suggests – it has been working wonders in improving our consumer confidence.

Thursday, July 16, 2009

Economics 17/07/2009: Pathologies of the crisis

If Ireland were a patient, its political democracy would be on its death bed. This is the only logical conclusion from today's An Bord Snip Nua report.

This country is facing a more severe crisis than that of fiscal insolvency or economic depression. This Government, and its predecessors have chosen not to do their duty by the country - they chosen not to govern. Now they have also de facto lost their legitimacy.

The outsourcing of policy decisions to an unelected and unrepresentative external bodies - chiefly the Social Partnership - in the past had a logical culmination in the outsourcing of the crisis management policies to An Bord Snip Nua and Taxation Commission. The fact that An Bord Snip did a decent job in identifying expenditure cuts is a moot point.

The state has paid extravagant salaries to FAS, Forfas, NCC, NESC, Department of Finance, Central Bank, and other policy quangoes to conduct
  • analysis of economic and policy conditions in the country for years - they all missed the crisis that was obviously unfolding in front of their eyes, more than that - they directly contributed to the crisis by creating or intellectually underwriting the policies that led us here;
  • preparation of policy responses - they all failed to deliver a single implemented policy document of any real economic worth;
  • crisis management - they all chose to abstain from engaging in what they were paid to do.
The state has paid billions in wages and perks to an army of civil servants who produce illiterate, embarrassingly childish policies and waste resources, obstructing change and reforms.

An Bord Snip Nua report says this much, yet still leaves them all in their jobs, until they choose to retire and saddles us, taxpayers with the charge of paying their grotesquely disproportionate (by any measure of their competence and/or international comparisons) wages.

CB and Forfas reports this week on Irish economy are the case in point. People who signed these reports earn more than their US, UK, German - you name the country short of some totalitarian oil-pumping hell-hole - counterparts. These reports have zero value, for they contain not an ounce of new information. Their authors will go on working till retirement in permanent jobs, while their bosses will go one collecting wages that are so sinfully out of proportion to their talents, they make them the lottery winners compared to the senior bankers.

But let us get back to the crisis of our state legitimacy.

This Government took the job voluntarily. Their first act in power was to accept huge pay increases for themselves and their senior cronies in the public sector. They have no capacity or legitimacy to rule. Yet our Taoiseach, and his Ministers, collect more in wages and perks than the vast majority of other leaders in mature democracies. Some of our Ministers are simply completely inadequate in positions they fill. We pay them hundreds of thousands in annual wages and millions in pensions benefits believing that if you pay peanuts for a job you get monkeys. What if you pay millions to the monkeys? Will that make them suitable candidates for the job?

Angry yet?

Our trade unionists and anti-poverty NGOs leaders believe that the Government is measured by how it treats the poor not by how much it overpays itself. Fergus Finlay of Barnardo's believes so. This is the morality of such a depraved estate that feudal lords would have cringed. It makes no difference that Barnardo's is a worthy organization pursuing a worthy cause - failing to understand that this state has more than one constituency to answer to (not just the poor), and that the legitimacy of the state objectives (including that of combating poverty) is based on morality of state actions in their totality, Finlay either betrays an amazingly low level of intellect or an extremely high levels of Machiavelian cynicism. Either way - his failure to accept at a basic, DNA-level the moral premises of liberty, legality and democracy make him an unfit public figure, no matter how well-intentioned his direct objective might be.

Our Liberal Left - where are you, Fintain O'Toole, Ivana Bacik and others, to oppose this - believes it is ok for the Government to raid the lower, middle and upper classes, to squander and corruptly allocate billions in public money... as long as their own constituencies are protected. "Give me my dosh", they say, "and we'll close our eyes on what you will do elsewhere," say the Trade Unionists and Finlay's of this world - those who have signed on the dotted Partnership line dividing the spoils of the boom and now have no guts to point the finger at the lack of our government's moral legitimacy.

Under the Partnership agreements and the corporatist policies they enshrined, the entire public finance system, since the departure of Charlie McCreevy, has been run like a crude, unimaginative pyramid scheme - partially out of sheer incompetence and partially out of sheer venality of its managers. One exception is that a sleek salesman defrauding old grannies was replaced by a brutish taxman with the full apparatus of coercion this state possesses.

Bernie Maddoff was a saint compared to this Government. It took billions in arbitrary taxes and wasted tens of billions in arbitrary payoffs to its own cheerleaders. The chart on the second page of Chapter 2 of the An Bord Snip Nua report shows this explicitly. All of this - in the hope that we will raise more taxes come next year. They paid lavish dividends to their Social Partners cronies, their pub and childhood chums, and a vast army of clientilist NGOs and quangoes all of whom apparently have no problem with the state officials at the senior level earning excessive salaries as long as their own cogs and constituencies were greased.

The country is bankrupt: morally first, financially second, economically third. Full stop! Read An Bord's Report and think of John Hurley's of this country - earning more than the US Federal Reserve Chairman earns and more than his ECB boss is paid. Golden Circle is not the by-now bankrupt Irish bankers or developers. The real Golden Circle is the army of top officials, majority of the Social Partners and politicos all of whom are grossly overpaid and all of whom are callous and venal enough not be embarrassed by this fact.

Wednesday, July 15, 2009

Economics 15/07/2009: Bonds Spreads: ECB Model

As promised earlier (here), I have re-done the ECB model estimated for Belgium, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal and Finland for the specific parameterisation for Ireland. Taking the path for our debt, deficit and bond issuances through 2013 under three different assumptions:
Assumption 1: NAMA bonds are off the public balance sheet and have no adverse impact on pricing, plus our liquidity conditions are in line with those of Germany (this corresponds to the dream scenario);
Assumption 2: NAMA bonds are on the public balance sheet, implying some adverse pricing effects, but out liquidity remains in line with German (this corresponds to 'markets are asleep' scenario); and
Assumption 3: NAMA bonds impact our balance sheet and yield shut down of the international borrowing markets for NAMA bonds (this is ECB buys NAMA scenario).

Chart below shows the resulting spreads over German 10y Bund:
One quick explanation is also due: 2009 levels are the fundamentals-implied levels of spreads under the ECB model. This is what the spread should be, were the markets pricing our bonds in line with what ECB says they are doing. ECB Monthly Bulletin does not report residuals, so I can't tell the accuracy of the pricing model.

Nonetheless, three things stand out:
  1. We are facing potential upward pressure on yield in 2009, should we go to the markets instead of the ECB;
  2. NAMA is posing serious risk of destroying our balance sheet in years to come as the cost of debt financing can soar not only for NAMA-own bonds, but also for all the bonds rolled over by the Government.
  3. It is relatively clear that any auction since January 2009 below 6.2% yield would have flopped, were it not for the ECB lending window circus.
And notice the term structure emerging in the chart below... Someone is not quite ready to buy Brian Lenihan (or for that matter ESRI's) story that we are getting serious about controlling our spending into the medium term future...

Sunday, July 12, 2009

Economics 12/07/2009: Travel figures

As an added bonus to Irish Times eager attack on my article in Sunday Times couple of weeks ago here is last week's press release from Ryanair:

"Ryanair, the World’s favourite airline, today (10th July 09) called on the Irish Government to stop ripping-off travellers after CSO figures confirmed that all Government controlled/regulated bus (up 11%), rail (up 9%) and taxi fares (up 8%) increased in the past year while unregulated airfares fell (14%) thanks to Ryanair. The Irish Government is now targeting air passengers with a self defeating revenue negative €10 tourist tax. The Irish Government’s €10 tourist tax is an effective 100% price increase on many of Ryanair’s winter fares to/from Dublin, Cork and Shannon. Ryanair called on the Irish Government to stop taxing tourists and follow the example of the Belgian, Dutch, Greek and Spanish governments who have all scrapped tourist taxes and/or reduced airport charges to zero to stimulate tourism. "Traffic at the DAA Monopoly run Dublin Airport fell 14% in June to 1.9 million as the Irish Government rips off passengers with a silly €10 tourist tax."

Disclosure (for Irish Times sake): I do not own any shares in Aer Lingus, Ryanair. I have zero allocation to Irish equities at this time, but I feel honoured to be attacked alongside Michael O'Leary...

Saturday, July 11, 2009

Economics 11/07/2009: Public Servants earn more than their employers

Time to get outraged, folks. Per latest CSO annual National Employment Survey, public sector pay is completely beyond any reasonable comparatives with the private sector. Here is a table (courtesy of Davy - yes, credit is due to Davy for an excellent note on this):"Median earnings were 52% higher in the public jobs", said Davy. "or the equivalent occupation, education level or experience, the smallest gap is 25% and the largest is 76%. The gap between public and private pay cannot be justified by saying that public sector employees are more
experienced, better educated or do different jobs. For example, how can we explain the fact that security personnel in the public sector get paid 46% more than their private sector peers?"

The Unions love babbling about the bulls***t poor low-paid entry jobs in the public sector. Table above shows that younger age cohorts and lower experience cohorts are earning vastly greater wages in the public sector than in the private sector.

Workers with 20-29 years of experience achieve a wage that is 36% higher in the public service
than in the private service. What does this mean? It means that the actual gap for those with greater tenure is even wider than that because workers in the private sector in this category of experience have to save 25-30% of their disposable income in pensions, while their counterparts in the public sector are enjoying lavish retirement plans benefits.

Davy note: "In February, the first attempt was made to rectify the imbalance. But the public pension levy only matched the wage cuts in the private sector, so the gap has probably
not closed. The public pay bill of €20bn in 2009 amounts to more than one-third of voted public expenditure. Further pay cuts of at least 10% are justified by these data." Oh, dear - can't we actually have some ambition? These figures show that public pay bill should be cut by ca40-45% through an equal measure of reduced wages (-25-30%) and reduced numbers employed (-20%). This will still produce a public sector employment premium, but it will at the very least force them to work more productively.

Davy concluded the note with the following statement: "Hourly earnings are 48% on average higher in the public sector. But average annual earnings are 32% higher because public employees work fewer hours. But it is not the case that bonuses are much higher in the private sector. In 2002, bonuses (and benefit-in-kind) in the private sector amounted to €1565 (or 5% of average annual earnings) versus only €149 in the public service. Five years on in 2007, bonuses in the public service had almost caught up at €1,807 versus €2,211."

Another interesting fact is the distribution of various grades in private and public sector. Notice the relative proportions of managerial and admin staff vs professional staff. This is not a sign of the public sector depth of expertise (high ratio of professionals), but of inflation in terminology. When an elementary school teacher or a basic nurse are considered professional grade employees, academics should be called demi-gods...
What all of us are forgetting is that as taxpayers - we employ them, not the other way around. It is time to start issuing pink slips. And by the way - if you hear once again anyone talking about 'not creating a conflict between the two sectors' - guess what: by granting themselves these gratuitous increases in wages, they - the public sector - have taken hard earned money from all of us, rich and poor. It was an involuntary transaction that enriched them alone. The state has presided over this system of wealth transfer under the guise of Social Partnership. We have every right to demand our money back. It is conflict time!